The five horizons model is a framework for analysing the different goals and priorities of a country's foreign policy.

It was developed by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and consists of five horizons, or levels of engagement:

horizon one is the "near abroad," which includes countries that are close neighbours or have a direct impact on the country's security and prosperity;

horizon two is the "extended neighbourhood," which includes countries that are further away but still play a significant role in the country's foreign policy;

horizon three is the "regional architecture," which includes regional organisations and alliances;

horizon four is the "global commons," which refers to global issues that affect all countries, such as climate change and international trade; and

horizon five is the "global governance," which refers to the rules and institutions that shape international relations.

Examples of each horizon in Chinese foreign policy could include:

...

The Lean Start-up model is a methodology for developing and launching new products or services that emphasises rapid iteration and customer feedback. To apply this model to Uber, the company could start by identifying a problem or opportunity in the transportation market, such as a lack of convenient and affordable options for getting around in urban areas.

Next, they would create a minimum viable product (MVP) that addresses this problem or opportunity, such as a simple app that connects riders with drivers in their area.

The Lean Startup does not evolve by having a fixed end in mind. It starts small.

Uber's MVP would be tested with a small group of customers, who would provide feedback on its usability, features, and overall value.

Based on this feedback, Uber would iterate on the MVP, adding new features and making improvements based on customer feedback, until they had a fully-featured product that meets the needs of their target market. As they continue to grow and get...

Benefits of Effective Employee Engagement

Employee engagement has long been recognised as a key factor in the success of any business. Engaged employees are more productive, more committed, and more likely to remain with their company long-term. Yet, despite its importance, many companies struggle to engage their workforce effectively. In this article, we will explore the benefits of effective employee engagement and provide practical tips for improving it in your organization.

The Business Case for Employee Engagement

Studies have consistently shown that engaged employees are more productive, leading to improved financial performance for their companies. According to a survey by Gallup, companies with highly engaged employees experience 17% higher productivity and 21% higher profitability compared to those with low engagement levels.

In addition to increased productivity, engaged employees are also more likely to provide excellent customer service. They are more motivated to go the...