FIVE HORIZONS MODEL

strategy Jul 31, 2019

The five horizons model is a framework for analysing the different goals and priorities of a country's foreign policy.

It was developed by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and consists of five horizons, or levels of engagement:

horizon one is the "near abroad," which includes countries that are close neighbours or have a direct impact on the country's security and prosperity;

horizon two is the "extended neighbourhood," which includes countries that are further away but still play a significant role in the country's foreign policy;

horizon three is the "regional architecture," which includes regional organisations and alliances;

horizon four is the "global commons," which refers to global issues that affect all countries, such as climate change and international trade; and

horizon five is the "global governance," which refers to the rules and institutions that shape international relations.

Examples of each horizon in Chinese foreign policy could include:

Horizon one: China's near abroad includes countries in its immediate neighbourhood, such as North Korea, Russia, and Central Asian states. China's foreign policy towards these countries often focuses on maintaining regional stability and promoting economic development.

Horizon two: China's extended neighbourhood includes countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. China's foreign policy towards these countries often involves strengthening economic ties and promoting regional integration.

Horizon three: China is a member of several regional organisations, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). China's foreign policy towards these organisations often involves promoting regional cooperation and building a more influential role in regional affairs.

Horizon four: China has taken a leadership role in addressing global commons issues, such as climate change and sustainable development. China's foreign policy towards these issues often involves promoting multilateral cooperation and building international partnerships.

Horizon five: China is actively engaged in shaping global governance, including through its participation in organisations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. China's foreign policy towards these organisations often involves advocating for its own interests and promoting a more balanced and inclusive system of global governance.

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